语言美与修辞: 多丽丝·莱辛部分作品的修辞效果赏析
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第二节 摹色

摹色(Colour Scheme),顾名思义,即为描摹颜色,修辞学上的摹色是指文学家在创作的过程中,要用恰当的色彩词准确地描绘大千世界的五光十色、万紫千红,透过文字给读者营造出一个五彩缤纷的文学世界。理论上来讲,修辞学上的色彩词应该囊括现实生活中任何一种可能的颜色,但词汇的有限性往往不能表现相似颜色之间的细微差别,所以就出现了以事物本身表现其颜色的词汇,就是语言学上所说的物质色彩词,与之相对的概念即为基本色彩词。英语中的基本色彩词主要有white,black,red,green,yellow,purple,pink,gray,blue,brown和orange,物质色彩词来源广泛、数量繁多,例如:tangerine(橘红色)、olive(橄榄色)、gold(金色)、ivory(象牙色)、chocolate(巧克力色)等等。不论是基本色彩词还是物质色彩词,都是为了更准确生动地描摹色彩,呈现出一个五彩斑斓的文学国度。

作为一种基于语言使用者描摹色彩的必然需求而产生的修辞格,摹色不可避免地出现在各类文学作品之中,那么,摹色修辞格的运用,究竟能够赋予语言怎样的修辞效果呢?(1)生动准确地描摹颜色,用黑白文字构筑五彩世界。这虽然是摹色修辞格最基本的作用,但要收到这样的修辞效果,必须建立在语言使用者精确辨识颜色、准确运用颜色词的基础上。例如:olive complexion,dark and clear;noble features;eyes rather like Mr Rochester's,large and black,and as brilliant as her jewels.And then she had such a fine head of hair,raven-black,and so becomingly arranged;a crown of thick plaits behind,and in front the longest,the glossiest curls I ever saw.She was dressed in pure white;an amber-coloured scarf was passed over her shoulder and across her breast,tied at the side,and descending in long,fringed ends below her knee.She wore an amber-coloured flower,too,in her hair:it contrasted well with the jetty mass of her curls.(Charlotte Bronte,Jane Eyre)这是勃朗特笔下描绘的一幅Miss Ingram的肖像,颜色词olive、black、raven-black、white、amber-coloured、jetty的运用使得英格拉姆小姐的形象栩栩如生,如在眼前。(2)用色彩词营造氛围,传递颜色背后的深层含义。英语中的很多色彩词除了表示本体意义之外,通常还包含象征义与引申义,因此,用色彩词描摹心境、抒发情感是摹色的另一重要修辞效果。例如:She stood on the threshold,between the steely starlight with out and yellow candle-light with in.(Thomas Hardy,Tess of the Durbervilles)哈代用steely来形容星光,既描摹了颜色,又营造出一种悲凉的氛围,传达出苔丝此时的心境。

在莱辛的笔下,初识一个人,往往先描摹她或他的穿着、颜色的搭配等外形特征,从品位和经济实力等方面进行初步人格判断。莱辛作为女性作家的细致入微的观察力在这一修辞手法中可见一斑。

在《又来了,爱情》中,摹色的修辞手法就被用到。

小说伊始,莱辛就对萨拉已逝的丈夫进行摹色:

A net of fine lines around frank and comradely blue eyes,and with grey in his fair hair.[14A:6]

一双坦率真诚的蓝眼睛周围布满着优美的皱纹,头发带有几分灰白。[14B:6]

随后,对她的房间描摹:the walls were painted bright white,but they had dimmed,and the curtains had been white,were now dark cream.[14A:7]

墙壁被漆成明亮的白色,但是现在它们的颜色变暗了,那些窗帘曾经是白的,现在变成米色的了。[14B:7]

又用相同的手法展现了朱莉的卧房:by the little blue enamel candlestick with its modest white candle on her night table.[14A:20]

在那小小的蓝色珐琅烛台旁边,烛台上插着一小段白色蜡烛。[14B:23]

对朱莉的画亦然:Next,the delightful little girl,her white muslin dress,the pink ribbons,vigorous black curls,and a smile that both seduces and mocks the viewer.[14A:28]

下一幅画是那位可爱的小女孩,穿着白色的软棉布连衣裙,配着粉红色缎带,一头乌黑浓密的鬈发,向着观画者挑逗地、嘲弄地微笑。[14B:31]

“青鸟”剧团的创始人之一帕特里克“总是讲究修饰,甚至有点稀奇古怪”。

In a shiny green jacket,his black hair in spikes.[14A:33]

穿一件耀眼的绿色上装,他的黑发用发蜡固定成一簇簇长钉形状。[14B:37]

而萨拉第一次见到斯蒂芬时,就已经从他的穿着上看出他是怎样的人:His face was blond and open:g reen-eyed,sandy-lashed;and his hair,once fair,was greying.[14A:35—36]

他的脸色白皙明朗,碧蓝的眼睛上面是浓密的睫毛,他的头发本是金黄的,现在已接近灰色了。[14B:40]

连朱莉曾经居住过的山谷都被描摹得好似油画一般:The soil was a vibrant red in the late afternoon sun.The green of the tree was intense.[14A:51]

这儿的泥土被傍晚的阳光照得红彤彤的,树丛也绿茵茵的。[14B:56]

当然,不管是出于职业素养还是出于老年女子对生活特有的观察,萨拉眼中斯蒂芬的妻子伊丽莎白是立体而多彩的:Elizabeth was a smallish woman,with shiny yellow hair held by a black velvet ribbon,and this made her look both efficient and spirited.Her face was round and healthy and her cheeks were country pink.She had unequivocal bright blue eyes.[14A:59]

伊丽莎白是个小巧玲珑的女人,金色的头发用黑绒发夹在后面束了起来,这使她看起来很精干。她是圆脸,红红的脸颊,很健康。她有一双毫不含糊的明亮的蓝眼睛。[14B:63]

与斯蒂芬谈话时,四目相对的近距离接触,让萨拉陷入更深的混乱:Meanwhile his eyes,green but——seen so close——as full of variegations as the surface of a cut olivine,green specked with black and grey.[14A:62]

与此同时,他的眼睛,绿色的——但因为离得那么近看——这绿色闪烁着光彩,就像橄榄石的表面,绿色中夹着黑色和灰色的斑点。[14B:67]

包括萨拉、亨利在内的艺术家们似乎对他人的外貌格外重视:Remy Rostand,or Andrew Stead,was a Texan,with sandy hair,freckles,and pale blue eyes.[14A:79]

雷米罗斯唐,由安德鲁斯坦德扮演,他是得克萨斯人,头发黄中带红,脸上长着雀斑,浅蓝色的眼睛。[14B:84]

She was a lithe,tawny-skinned girl with black eyes.[14A:227]

她是个有着棕色皮肤和黑眼睛的女孩。[14B:244]

朱莉纪念馆的外观更像是一个杂乱的调色盘:The houses were in all shades of a chalk cliff,grey,pale,bleached,their shutters,which had once been glossy dark brown,faded to a scabby and patchy beige,like stale milk chocolate.Their tiled roofs——the same pattern of tiles the Romans used,interlocking in stiff waves——were the colours of the soil of this region,rust and ox-blood and dull orange.[14A:154]

那些房屋的白垩粉墙,由于多年来雨淋日晒,已经被漂白为灰白、浅白色,那些曾经是很有光泽的深褐色百叶窗,已经褪色成为布满斑疤的灰褐色,就像陈旧干瘪的牛奶巧克力。房屋的瓦顶——与罗马人所用的瓦片式样相同,连锁成一排排僵硬的波浪——是当地泥土的颜色,是铁锈色、血红色、暗橙色的。[14B:166]

连沿路走来的老妇人萨拉都会仔细观察:She wore a long-sleeved cotton dress,white,with pattern of small mauve bouquets,and black collar and cuffs.[14A:165]

她穿一件长袖棉布连衣裙,是白色的,带有小小的紫红花球图案,还有黑色衣领和袖口。[14B:179]

萨拉甚至用常人难以想象的喻体和颜色来形容自己的身体:Revealing mountains made up of rocks red,olive green,turquoise,lemon,pink,and black blue,all in a single range.[14A:243]

展示着由红的、橄榄绿的、土耳其蓝玉的、柠檬黄的、粉红的和深蓝色的岩石组成的山脉,它们都互相独立。[14B:261]

每个人物的出现几乎都伴随着摹色的运用:Susan,already in her own clothes,tight black trousers,black silk singlet,silver jewellery,black shoes described as“medieval”.[14A:251]

苏珊穿着自己的衣服,黑色的紧身长裤,黑色的丝绸衬衣,戴着银首饰,穿着像中世纪时期的黑鞋子。[14B:270]

The other's face was large and red,emphasized with black brows.[14A:255]

另一人则有着一张红色的宽脸庞,更突出的是他的黑眉毛。[14B:273]

She was still in her riding clothes——green shirt,olive green breeches——and the red scarf confined her hair.Her pink cheeks flamed.[14A:262]

伊丽莎白仍穿着骑马服——绿衬衫和橄榄绿短裤,红头巾,脸颊也红扑扑的。[14B:281]

She was a pretty little girl,and dressed in a crisp pink cotton frock,pink socks,pink shoes,and her straight thin black hair was held with a pink plastic barrette.[14A:343]

她是个漂亮的小女孩,穿着活泼的粉红色棉罩衫、粉色袜子、粉色鞋子,她的黑发上也是粉色发夹。[14B:358]

小说《第三、四、五区间的联姻》同样也有不少摹色的例子:

He was large,blond,muscular from continual campaigning,and burned a ruddy brown on the face and arms.His eyes were grey.[15A:40]

他身形巨大,满头金发,有着多次战役历练的发达肌肉,脸庞和手臂则晒成了红棕色。他的眼睛是灰色的。[15B:37]

四区国王本恩·艾塔虽然衣着与普通士兵无异,但寥寥几笔,一个健壮而器宇轩昂的男子形象跃然纸上,生动可感。

The whole room was painted a softly shining ivory,but there were patterns of gold,soft red,and blue.[15A:43]

整个房间涂成了柔和明亮的乳白色,但是饰有金色、粉红色和蓝色的图案。[15B:40]

他们的婚房是因着他们的新婚而特意修建的,看得出来用心,但是谈不上恢宏和高雅,透露着四区的气息。

She was not unbeautiful,with her dark eyes,dark hair,and the rest of the usual appurtenances.[15A:45]

她并非不美丽,她有深黑色的眼睛,黑色的长发,还有一切其他的美丽。[15B:43]

在本恩·艾塔眼里,爱丽·伊斯不是不美丽,但是十分不同。不同于他之前遇到的所有女子,让他忐忑不安,无法撩拨他的欲望,产生着陌生的距离感。

The clouds were a pale wet gold,and a yellowish haze lay everywhere.[15A:56]

云层染上了湿湿的淡金色,黄色的薄暮笼罩着整个世界。[15B:56]

爱丽·伊斯和本恩·艾塔在清晨的喷水池边开始了真正意义上的谈话,虽然生涩,但是友好而有了实质的内容。天空仿佛也随着两人的心情转好而好转。一切都显得那么美好,久违的阳光给整个潮湿的大地带来了生的希望。虽然,这是极其短暂的。

The rising sun was making them blaze and glitter,and the sharp points of the uttermost peaks seemed to be heaped with clouds that shone pink and red and gold——but they were not clouds,these were the piled snows of a thou-sand years.[15A:58]

初升的太阳将它们照射得火红而闪亮,山峰的制高点似乎层叠着粉色、红色和金色的云朵——然而那不是云,那是有着千年历史的常年积雪。[15B:58]

爱丽·伊斯第一次在四区眺望远处自己国度的山峰和高地,那样的美,她仰头幸福而渴慕地笑了,充满了思念和兴奋的泪水。

Though on the other hand he did feel the beginnings of relief that she was not always so pale and serious.Her face,now illumined by the rosy light from those far peaks,was as pretty a pink as any girl's he could remember.[15A:60]

不过,从另一个角度看,他真切地感到了解脱。看来她并非始终那般苍白和糟糕。她的脸孔,现在被那来自于远山的粉红色光芒映得容光焕发,就与他记忆中女孩子的脸色一样,是美丽的粉红色。[15B:60]

爱丽·伊斯仰望自己的国度,被粉红色的远山映衬得分外美丽,让本恩·艾塔终于从她身上看到了自己熟悉的女人的样子,让他在与她相处中轻松了一些。当他觉得不理解她或是很陌生的时候,他总会发自内心地害怕和压抑,对她是一种又爱又恨的情愫。

She could not remember ever standing as she did now,gazing there,wondering,allowing her eyes to be drawn into those long,blue,deceiving distances...her eyes seemed to be drawn and follow,and become dissolved in blue,blue,blue...a mingling,changing,rippling blue...[15A:77]

她实在想不起自己曾像现在这般站立过:充满惊诧地凝视着那儿,双眼情不自禁地追寻着那些蓝色的冗长的、虚幻无比的路途……她的眼睛仿佛被牵引着,然后慢慢融入蓝色,蓝色……一种变幻莫测此起彼伏的蓝色……[15B:81]

二区在爱丽·伊斯眼中呈现着一种虚幻而绵长的蓝色,正如在四区仰视三区一样。她在凝视中酝酿着一个还未成熟的想法,她似乎找到了通向答案的道路,就是在那蓝色之中。

It is as if you looked at blue mists——or waters or——but it is blue,blue,you've never seen such a blue...[15A:96]

这就好像是看蓝色的薄雾——或者蓝色的流水,或者——然而它是蓝色的,那蓝色,你从未看过那样一种蓝色……[15B:104]

在爱丽·伊斯目前的认知中,二区只是一片神秘的蓝色,无法用语言描述的蓝色,她潜意识里对二区产生了好奇和向往,为后文铺垫。她也对本恩·艾塔描述了二区,他却并不感兴趣,两人都意识到他们之间的差异性导致他们其实还是无法单独相处。

She had clung here and looked up and out and it had been as if her whole self had filled with a need to leave here and let herself be absorbed by that endless blue——the blue,the blue,the blue![15A:104]

她像钉子一样站在那儿,竭力地向上空向四周张望着,仿佛她整个身体都充满了要离开这里,要融入无尽蓝色的愿望——蓝色,蓝色,蓝色![15B:113]

爱丽·伊斯第二次收到“供养者”的旨意,从四区回到三区,爬上高楼顶上,眺望二区,还是神秘的蓝色,满眼的蓝色,满心向往。为后文埋下伏笔。

She seemed to shine everywhere;the strong evening light polished her soft gold hair,and the embroideries on her yellow dress glowed.[15A:104]

似乎她在哪儿都能发光;明亮的星光照亮了她金黄色的头发,她黄色上衣的刺绣也发出微弱的光芒。[15B:114]

爱丽·伊斯的妹妹默蒂明亮、光鲜,如同三区的人一样。而改变的是爱丽·伊斯。

She was a child typical of the eastern regions:a sandy little thing,with bright blue eyes and pale hair.[15A:109]

她是个典型的东区来的孩子:浅茶色的小东西,一双蓝色的亮眼睛,亚麻色的头发。[15B:119]

对广场上的放羊的小姑娘的外貌描摹,和东区的其他人一样靓丽、阳光、美丽。她哼的歌谣对爱丽·伊斯有很大的启示作用。

The bright gold of yesterday was like a bird's plumage in a wrong season.A brown was too lowering,but she raised that note a little with a tawny-orange,which seemed something she could aspire to,if things went well.[15A:118]

怀旧而明亮的金色就如同在错误的季节里的一根鸟儿的羽毛。那棕色太暗沉了,但是,如果事情顺利,她想用偏茶色的橙红色来作为重心,这是她渴盼的颜色。[15B:130]

爱丽·伊斯查看四区婚房的衣橱里本恩·艾塔为她从镇上买的衣服,想从各种各样色彩的衣服里挑出一件适合她沮丧情绪的。

Dabeeb's swarthy and energetic beauty was well accommodated by the tawny silky dress Al·Ith had just taken off.Al·Ith had on her bright yellow dress that seemed to take in all the light there was in the great softly lit room——and to give it out again.Her black hair shone,her eyes shone,she was full of mischief and gaiety.[15A:136]

黛比那黝黑而饱满的美丽,由爱丽·伊斯刚脱下的那件茶色丝绸裙子衬托得恰到好处。爱丽·伊斯则穿着她那件明黄色的衣裙,感觉她仿佛置身于一个光线柔美的宏大房间里,全身吸尽了四周所有的光芒——然后又重新发散出光亮。她松散的黑发闪闪发光,她的眼睛也闪烁着光芒,她一副十足淘气又兴高采烈的样子。[15B:153]

一整段摹色的手法,将两位风格迥异的女人之美衬托得淋漓尽致。爱丽·伊斯将自己的裙子送给黛比,是开始接受四区人民、接受四区的审美的表现,是逐渐融入的体现。

They were flooded with a heavy yellow light from the westering sun,and Al·Ith sat at the window,immersed in yellow,strong and sustaining,but did not feel anything but a shadow and a ghost.[15A:145]

这些房间里溢满了西沉的太阳放射出的暗黄色光芒,爱丽·伊斯坐在窗边,沉浸在一片强烈而持久的黄色中,但是她的心中只能感受到一片阴影和一个幽灵的存在。[15B:163]

在阳光普照的金色房间里,爱丽·伊斯却只能感受到阳光背后的阴影。她被回来后的冷遇震惊,同时内心默默接受自己再也回不去的事实。

Up leapt Ben Ata,and the two,king and queen,cantered off down to the meadows where the armies were marching and deploying,making patterns of scarlet,of blue,of gold,over leagues of misty green,among the steaming canals.[15A:181]

本恩·艾塔一跃而上,两人,国王和皇后,骑着马,慢跑到草地上,军队已经在那儿行军和调动部署了。在一片迷雾般的绿色中,排出种种深红色、蓝色和金黄色的阵形。[15B:205]

本恩·艾塔带着爱丽·伊斯检阅自己的军队,这位传奇式皇后出现在公开场合,得到了四区的最高承认。

All focused on him,the king,sitting so straight and firm,his great brown legs like tree trunks,his grey eyes all benevolence.[15A:183]

所有人的注意力都集中在他身上,国王笔直地坐在马上,他棕色的腿像树干一样粗壮,灰色的眼睛里闪现出仁慈的光芒。[15B:208]

本恩·艾塔有着王者的气质。

And there,in the middle of this golden beat of sun and sound was Al·Ith,with her son,who was lying on a spread of blue cloth on the white.Al·Ith seemed to be all light and dazzle herself.Her yellow dress showed thin brown arms,and her legs,where it was pushed up.[15A:224]

而爱丽·伊斯就站在阳光与鼓声编织成的金色旋律中央,旁边是她的儿子,躺在白色台面上,用蓝布包着。爱丽·伊斯看上去就像一团光,耀眼得让人目眩。她穿着黄色的衣服,露出了纤瘦的棕色胳膊还有腿,衣服在腿部的地方往上翻了起来。[15B:254]

丰富的色彩构建出一幅美丽的画面。生育后的邋遢的爱丽·伊斯重新又充满了魅力。

When she had seen was blue,always blue,distances speaking in coulour,but now she expected to see closeness dissolve the blue.And yet it did not.There was a soft blueness about everything——ahead of them,where the road turned around a clump of rocks,a bluish air seemed to beckon them on.The hills here were purple,and the vegetation had a blue tinge.Above the turn of the road ahead the sky was blue not only with distance,but because the air everywhere was blue in essence.And small purple mists lay among the trees.[15A:236]

如果用颜色来形容的话,她先前从远处看到的蓝色,一直都是蓝色,现在她希望随着距离越来越近,她看到的不再是蓝色。但是她没有如愿。眼前的一切都呈柔和的蓝色——当他们沿着路绕过岩石丛时,看到面前有一团蓝色的空气似乎在向他们招手。这里的山是紫色的,植物呈浅蓝色。路拐弯的上方,顶上的天空是蓝色的,不是因为距离,而是因为这里的空气就是蓝色的。一小块一小块紫色的薄雾散布在树的四周。[15B:268]

二区就在爱丽·伊斯眼前,比以往的任何一次都看得更清晰,离得更近,爱丽·伊斯想要进入二区的探究之心更加热切了。

再看看《特别的猫》中对摹色手法的应用:

You'd look down on sun-glistening brown and black wings,a six-foot spread of them,tilting as the bird banked on a curve.[13A:3]

你可以低头俯瞰那些展开时大约六尺宽的褐色或黑色羽翼,微微倾斜地绕过一个转角,在阳光下散发出眩亮的光辉。[13B:5]

作者对那些猛禽进行了生动的描写,使得它们宛如呈现在读者眼前。

Legs,too pale against reddish-brown soil in spite of sunburn,had to be scattered with earth,or dug into it..[13A:3]

在周遭红褐色土壤的衬托下,你的双腿除了晒黑的部位之外,会显得格外苍白碍眼,所以你最好是在腿上撒点儿泥土,或索性把腿埋进土里去。[13B:5]

用对比和摹色的手法进行了形象的描写,红色之夺目与白色之扎眼,使得画面充满干爽的乡土气息,作者接着说“在腿上撒点儿泥土,或索性把腿埋进土里去”,更是将自然与人融合在了一起,我们可以看出对这些色彩的表现也透露着作者对这片土地、对幼年时无忧无虑的生活的怀恋与热爱。

After a half minute,or twenty,the bird plummeted straight on to the tiny creature it had chosen;then up and away it went in a wide steady beat of wings,leaving behind an eddy of red dust and a hot rank smell.[13A:4]

大约过了半分钟,或是二十分钟之后,那只鸟儿就会陡然下降,扑向它所选定的小动物;等猎物一到手,鸟儿就会再度升空,好整以暇地鼓动巨翼扬长而去,只留下一阵艳红的烟尘和一股刺鼻的恶臭。[13B:6]

承接上文对红褐色土壤的表现,此处再次描写了鸟儿扑棱翅膀扬起的“艳红的烟尘”,创造了一种陌生化的效果。“黄尘滚滚”是为我们所熟悉的场面,而此处特意强调烟尘的艳红色,既真实又奇特,延长了我们的审美感受。

From sunup till sundown,fowls moved over the exposed crown of the hill,marked for marauders by gleaming black,brown,white feathers,and a continuous clucking,crowing,scratching and strutting.[13A:4]

这些家禽自日出到日落,一直都在毫无屏障的山顶自由活动,它们那闪闪发亮的黑褐白各色羽毛,持续不断的咕咕喔喔啼叫,以及脚爪刨抓地面与仓皇奔走的聒噪声响,全都为掠夺者标示出清楚的记号。[13B:7]

Black,brown,white三种颜色平凡暗淡,与这些对即将到来的危险无知无觉的家畜那堪忧的前途相照应,同时准确表达了鸡群的种类繁多、混杂,与后文拟声描写的啼叫和笨拙逃脱的动作也相符合。

They have ugly yellowy-brown fur,which is rough.[13A:8]

它们的皮毛看起来黄褐褐丑兮兮的,而且十分黯淡粗糙。[13B:10]

对被遗弃的猫的皮毛颜色进行描写,仿佛已经暗示了这些“流浪儿”在被遗弃之后为了生存所进行的艰难挣扎,或是它们被遗弃的原因——没有漂亮的外表和显赫的血统。

It was a heavy,breathless,sulphurous sky;a yellow-blackish dark;and the air burned our throats,as it does in a mine shaft after an explosion.[13A:34]

窗外是一片阴沉、令人窒息,如硫黄一般的天空;那是一种带有暗黄色的漆黑;空气呛得我们喉咙发疼,就好像待在刚用过炸药的矿坑里似的。[13B:39]

作者妙用暗黄色的漆黑来形容被污染的天空,在摹色的同时说明了污染来源,一举两得,成功营造了一种阴森恐怖、人心惶惶的感觉,让人身临其境,同时影射了工业社会带来的污染、毒气对自然不可避免造成负面影响。

The little round lady,who had red cheeks,so red they were blackish,and who was married to the little round brother,said she would take the cat home with her,but she was afraid her own Tibby wouldn't be at all pleased.[13A:37]

嫁给圆滚滚矮胖兄弟的圆滚滚矮胖太太,双颊总是红彤彤的,红得几乎泛黑,她曾表示想把那只猫带回家,但她怕家里养的踢碧会不高兴。[13B:42]

对卖菜人的准确摹色描写具有喜剧效果,矮胖太太是典型的安居乐业的本分市民,红彤彤的脸颊仿佛在向我们说明她对平凡生活的满足、快乐和她的淳朴善良。“红中泛黑”正是卖菜人辛苦讨生活的写照,此处色彩运用真实而生动,同时用戏谑口吻制造了幽默的效果。

Her back was tabby:from above or the back,she was a pretty tabby kitten,in grey and cream.But her front and stomach were a smoky-gold,Siamese cream,with half-bars of black at the neck.Her face was pencilled with black-fine dark rings around the eyes,fine dark streaks on her cheeks,a tiny cream-coloured nose with a pink tip,outlined in black.[13A:46]

她的背部是虎斑花纹:从上方或是背面看过去,她是一只灰色和奶油色相间的漂亮虎斑小猫。但她的胸口和肚子,却是一种雾雾的暗金色,也就是暹罗猫特有的奶油色,脖子两侧有些短短的黑色斑纹。她的脸上有着黑色的线条——眼睛周围的漂亮黑环,脸颊上面的漂亮黑斑,而在她那奶油色的鼻子和粉红鼻头周围,同样也镶着一圈黑线。[13B:54]

灰咪咪小小的身躯集合了如此丰富的色彩——奶油色的鼻子,粉红色的鼻头,暗金色的胸口和肚子,布满黑色斑纹的脖子,带有漂亮黑环的眼周,长有虎斑花纹的背部,这让我们不得不承认是造物主的灵巧创造出一只如此精致、美丽的生灵。色彩的展现刺激着我们的想象力,这究竟是怎样一只神秘的生灵呢?如此,作者对灰咪咪外表的细致描摹也为展示她那挑剔、高傲的性格做了铺垫。

Then a greyish-blue kitten:later,in certain lights,it looked dark purple.[13A:61]

接下来是一只蓝灰色的小猫:后来我们发现,他在某些特定的光线下看来,会变成美丽的深紫色。[13B:74]

写出了刚出生的小猫的基本颜色,而特定光线下的“美丽深紫色”为这只小猫增添了一份独特的魅力和神秘。展示了小猫的独特性。没有体贴入微的呵护,主人是很难发现这独特的色彩的。作者几乎是带着印象派画家一样的审美观在照看着自己的宠物,关爱之情溢于言表。

Purple cat,having given birth to the most remarkable litter I've seen,three perfect Siamese kittens,cream-coloured,pink-eyed,and three London scruff,little ragbags,lost her home.[13A:65]

小紫猫产下我所见过最怪异的一窝小猫,其中三只是有着奶油色皮毛与粉红眼睛的完美暹罗小猫,另外三只却是活像小破布袋的邋遢伦敦土猫,后来小紫猫却不幸沦落成流浪猫。[13B:78]

奶油色皮毛与粉红眼睛的暹罗小猫自然以其粉嫩细腻的外表惹人怜爱,而像破布似的伦敦土猫不仅在毛色、毛的质量、精气神上都相形见绌,通过对比,一窝小猫高下立现,十足地体现了紫猫所生猫仔的怪诞差距。

For the winter we had two cats,grey cat and her son,who was a richcoloured browny-orange cat,with a vest like his father.[13A:68]

他是一只颜色鲜艳的橘褐色公猫,胸口有着和他父亲一般光滑闪亮的白毛。[13B:81]

对公猫的毛色进行描写。橘褐色、光滑闪亮的白毛使猫的毛色鲜艳可感,宛在眼前。

And,when I'd finished,yawn,deliberate,foppish,showing an icecream-pink mouth and curled pink tongue.[13A:71]

而等我一说完,她就会故意装模作样地打个呵欠,露出她那像草莓冰淇淋般的粉红嘴巴和微微卷曲的粉红舌头。[13B:84]

利用“草莓冰淇淋”的色泽和质地,写出小猫那小巧、精致、诱人的嘴巴,可谓“秀色可餐”,粉嫩可爱。

I stared into them,almond-shaped in their fine outline of dark pencil,around which was a second pencilling of cream.Under each,a brush stroke of dark.Green,green eyes;but in shadow,a dark smoky gold-a dark-eyed cat.[13A:71]

我凝视那对镶了一圈漂亮黑眼线的杏形猫眼,黑线外环绕着第二圈奶油色的绒毛。每只眼睛下各有一抹淡淡的黑晕。碧绿无比的眼睛;在阴暗的地方看来,仿佛是一种雾蒙蒙的暗金色——看起来就像是一只黑眼猫咪。[13B:84]

“杏眼”一直是古书中绝色佳人的标准,此处作者以一圈漂亮的黑眼线修饰杏形猫眼,更让小猫美艳无方,无可比拟。色彩的集合刺激着读者的想象,而黑线和奶油绒毛的对比更凸显了那雕琢到极致的美丽。碧绿的眼睛傅以黯淡的金彩,使得小猫的眼睛成了巧夺天工的猫眼石。总起来看,作者通过摹色将小猫呈现得富有立体感,如同一件传世的艺术品一般。

The old bachelor who ran the vegetable shop at the corner-now closed because of the pressure of the supermarket,and because he said his was a family business and he had no family-a fat old boy with cheeks red-purple,almost black,like the old woman of the fruit and vegetable barrows,said about the women:“They never stop having kids,but they don't look after them,do they?”[13A:76]

这位老板是个老光棍,看起来活像是个胖嘟嘟的老男孩,他的面颊紫红得几近泛黑,就跟那位摆蔬果摊的老女人一模一样,而他经常唠唠叨叨地数落女人:“她们就像母鸡下蛋似的,一胎接一胎生个没完,却从来不肯好好照顾他们,你说是不是啊?”[13B:92]

对老头外貌的描写,最让人印象深刻的便是运用摹色之处——“他的面颊紫红得几近泛黑”。这样的色泽被作者捕捉得逼真、到位。只有一个天天在外风吹日晒、靠卖菜讨生活的市民才有这样的脸色,它包含象征健康、活力的红,劳累、奔忙的黑。不仅成功地展现了老头的形象,也表现了他的职业和生活。

Black cat,among kittens,told she is clever and beautiful,yawns happily,without self-consciousness,very pink mouth and pink tongue against the black,black fur.[13A:103]

当黑猫窝在小猫堆里,听我们赞美她既聪明又美丽时,她也会不自觉地打呵欠,但神情却显得十分愉悦,她露出她那鲜艳的粉红色嘴唇和粉红色舌头,跟一身漆黑的皮毛形成了强烈的对比。[13B:121]

用粉嫩的粉色和沉着的黑色做对比,黑色高贵,而粉色温柔可亲,同时突出了黑猫的性格倨傲又惹人怜爱。

She was not a pretty beast,an old ragbag patched and streaked in black and white and grey and fox-colour.[13A:158]

她长得并不漂亮,披着一身乱七八糟,混合了黑色、白色、灰色和狐狸毛色斑点条纹的暗淡杂毛。[13B:183]

Black,white和grey三种暗色的混合已经让小猫的外形缺乏了吸引人眼球之处,而加上狐狸毛色斑点条纹则让毛色显得更为杂乱。作者使用摹色的手法,同时写出了这只猫毛色的暗和杂,不仅暗示猫的不起眼,无魅力,也暗示了她出走的原因——受到冷落和出走后的悲惨际遇。

摹色不仅增加了语言的形象美,还增加了语言的抒情美,更从侧面体现了人物的性格特征,让读者在书中现实的色彩和人物内心的色彩中感受文字里虚实结合的意境美。