2.7 小结

本章首先分析了采用传统概念设计模型进行概念设计的局限性，即复杂性问题、扩展性问题、新设计问题和设计解优化问题。针对这些问题，提出了需求－功能－结构－约束的模型（RFSC），利用RFSC模型构建设计知识，实现知识驱动下的概念设计。讨论了RFSC模型的架构，该模型包含有四个层次，即设计需求层、设计功能层、设计结构层和结构约束层。对各个层之间的映射关系也进行了分析。同时，也讨论了RFSC模型中功能分解方法，为了保证分解后的功能之间具有独立性，提出了一种新的功能分解方法，即基于映射矩阵（mapping matrix）的功能分解。通过分析映射矩阵，判断分解后的功能类之间是否有关联，是否需要进一步的分解。

最后，采用集合论的方法，对基于RFSC模型的设计知识进行数学建模，从数学角度分析了设计知识的特性、从属知识、局部知识。通过对设计知识中功能和结构的建模研究，构建了设计知识数学模型。

参考文献

[1] Pahl G, Beitz W.Engineering design:a system process [M].（2nd Edition）London:Springier,1994.

[2] Qian L, Gero J S.Function-behavior-structure Paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design [J].AIEDAM.1996,10（4）:289－312.

[3] Gero J S.Design prototypes:a knowledge representation schema for design [J].AI magazine,1990,11（4）:26.

[4] Rinderle J R, Balasubramaniam L.Automated modeling to support design [C].In:Proceeding of the ASME design theory, York, Sep.1990.

[5] Deng Y M, Tor S B, Briton G A.Abstracting and exploring functional design information for conceptual mechanical product design [J].Engineering with Computers.2000,16（1）:36－52.

[6] Deng Y M.Functional Design of Mechanical Products:Design Model and Modeling Framework [D].Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,2000.

[7] Deng Y M.Function and behavior representation in conceptual mechanical design [J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design [J], Analysis and Manufacturing.2002, 16:343－362.

[8] Prabhakar S, Goel A.Function modeling for enabling adaptive design of device for new environment [J].Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,1998,12（4）:417－444.

[9] Christophe F, Bernard A, Coatane'a E.RFBS:A model for knowledge representation of conceptual design [J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology.2010, 59:155－158.

[10] Li W Q, Li Y, Wang J, et al.The process model to aid innovation of products conceptual design [J].Expert Systems with Applications.2010,37（3）:3574－3587.

[11] Yan M.Representing design knowledge as a network of function, behavior and structure [J].Design Studies.1993,14（3）:314－329.

[12] Kota S, Lee C L.General framework for configuration design:Part 1 — methodology [J].Journal of Engineering Design.1993,4（4）:277－294.

[13] Roy U, Bharadwaj B.Design with part behaviors behavior model, representation and applications [J].Computer-Aided Design.2002,34（9）:613－636.

[14] Qi J, Hu J, Peng Y P, et al.A case retrieval method combined with similarity measurement and multi-criteria decision making for concurrent design [J].Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36（7）:10357－10366.

[15] Schank R.Dynamic Memory:A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People [M]:Cambridge University Press,1982.

[16] 赵宏．机械产品概念设计过程建模与方案求解问题研究[D]．大连：大连理工大学，2008.

[17] 秦晋．面向功能的创新概念设计问题研究[D]．合肥：合肥工业大学，2007.

[18] 胡晓．支持机械产品概念设计的功能知识聚类方法研究[D]．上海：上海交通大学，2013.

[19] Hirtz J, Stone R, McAdams D, et al.Evolving a functional basis for engineering design [C].In ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Pittsburgh, PA,2001.

[20] McAdams D A, Stone R B, Wood K L.Functional interdependence and product similarity based on customer needs [J].Research in Engineering Design,1999,11（1）:1－19.

[21] Buur J.A theoretical approach to mechatronics design [M].Institute for Engineering Design, Technical University of Denmark,1991.

[22] Hansen C T.An approach to simultaneous synthesis and optimization of composite mechanical systems [J].Journal of Engeering Design,1995,6（3）:249－266.

[23] Kirschman C, Fadel G, Jara-Almonte C.Classifying functions for mechanical design [J].Journal of Mechanical Design,1998,120:475－482.

[24] Schmekel H, Sohlenius G.Functional models and design solutions [J].CIRP Annals Manufacturing Technology,1989,38（1）:129－132.

[25] 任工昌，刘永红，张优云．机械产品概念设计及功能表达[J]．机械，2002,29（4）:1－4.

[26] Welch R V, Dixon J R.Representing function, behavior and structure during conceptual design [A].1992:11－18.

[27] Welch R, Dixon J R.Conceptual design of mechanical systems [J].Design Theory and Methodology,1991,31:61－68.

[28] Chakrabarti A, Bligh T P.An approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design.Part I:Introduction and knowledge representation [J]. Research in Engineering Design,1994,6（3）:127－141.

[29] Chakrabarti A, Bligh T P, Holden T.Towards a decision-support framework for the embodiment phase of mechanical design [J].Artificial intelligence in engineering, 1992,7（1）:21－36.

[30] Zou C W, Zhang S Y, Lai J L.Research on Process Modeling of Product Structural Design Based on Knowledge Driven and Its Applications [J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19（8）:939－944.

[31] Hubka V, Eder W.Principles of Engineering Design [M].Butterworth Scientific, Boston.1982

[32] Hubka V, Eder W.In:Theory of Technical Systems:A Total Concept Theory for Engineering Design [M].Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York.1988.

[33] Pahl G, Beitz W.In: Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach [M]. Springer.1996.

[34] Li S, Hu J, Peng Y H.Representation of functional micro-knowledge cell（FMKC）for conceptual design [J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2010,23（4）:569－585.

[35] Zhang W Y, Tor S B, Britton G A, et al.EFDEX:A Knowledge-Based Expert System for Functional Design of Engineering Systems [J].Engineering with Computers.2001, 17（4）:339－353.

[36] Yasushi U, Sinsuke K, Yoshiki S, et al.Development of design methodology for upgradable products based on function-behavior-state modeling [J].Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.2005,19:161－182.

[37] Suh N.Axiomatic design theory for systems [J].Research in Engineering Design. 1998,10（4）:189－209.

[38] Suh N.In:Axiomatic Design:Advances and Applications [M].Oxford University Press, Inc.2001.

[39] 彭颖红，胡洁．KBE技术及其在产品设计中的应用[M]．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2007:98－108.

[40] Unigraphics Solutions Inc.UG知识熔接技术培训教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002:3－52.

[41] Clancey W J.Heuristic classification [J].Artificial Intelligence.1985,27:289－350.

[42] Brusoni V, Console L, Terenziani P, et al.A spectrum of definitions for temporal modelbaseddiagnosis [J].Artificial Intelligence.1998,102:39－79.

[43] Bidarra R, Bronsvoort W F.Semantic feature modeling [J].Computer-Aided Design, 2001,32（3）:201－205.

[44] Lucas P J F.Analysis of notions of diagnosis [J].Artificial Intelligence.1998,105:295－343.

[45] Ying M-S.Knowledge transformation and fusion in diagnostic systems [J].Artificial Intelligence.2005,163（1）:1－45.