钓愚：操纵与欺骗的经济学
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第二章
信誉透支与金融危机

2008~2009年的金融危机已经被人研究过无数次了。很多研究报告被写成了书，重点关注公司和政府，比如J·P·摩根、高盛、贝尔斯登、雷曼兄弟、美林证券、美国银行、美联储或者房利美和房地美。书中明确指出，“我们的制度”是酿成危机的罪魁祸首。Alan S. Blinder, After the Music Stopped: The Financial Crisis, the Response, and the Work Ahead (New York: Penguin Press, 2013),关于宏观经济； Roddy Boyd, Fatal Risk: A Cautionary Tale of AIG's Corporate Suicide (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011); William D. Cohan, Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World (New York: Doubleday, 2011); Greg Farrell, Crash of the Titans: Greed, Hubris, the Fall of Merrill Lynch, and the Near-Collapse of Bank of America (New York: Crown Business, 2010); Kate Kelly, Street Fighters: The Last 72 Hours of Bear Stearns, the Toughest Firm on Wall Street (New York: Penguin, 2009); Michael Lewis, Boomerang: Travels in the New Third World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011) and The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), 关于金融投机；Lawrence G. McDonald, with Patrick Robinson, A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers (New York: Crown Business, 2009); Gretchen Morgenson and Joshua A. Rosner, Reckless Endangerment: How Outsized Ambition, Greed, and Corruption Led to Economic Armageddon (New York: Times Books/Henry Holt, 2011), 关于房地美和房利美；Henry M. Paulson, On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System (New York: Business Plus, 2010), 关于美国财政部；Raghuram Rajan, Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 关于财政体系；Robert J. Shiller, Subprime Solution: How Today's Global Financial Crisis Happened and What to Do about It (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008); Andrew Ross Sorkin, Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System (New York: Viking, 2009), 关于美国财政部；Gillian Tett, Fool's Gold: How the Bold Dream of a Small Tribe at J. P. Morgan Was Corrupted by Wall Street Greed (New York: Free Press, 2009); and David Wessel, In Fed We Trust: Ben Bernanke's War on the Great Panic (New York: Crown Business, 2009)。特别有用的是十分清晰、记录全面的Financial Crisis Inquiry Report: Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States (Washington, DC: Government Printing Of.ce, 2011), http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ pkg/GPO-FCIC/pdf/GPO-FCIC.pdf。以上所有书籍是关于本章内容的重要背景材料。金融危机的爆发带来了金融新闻领域的繁荣。但是我们不打算像别的书一样用500多页的篇幅描述金融危机发生的细节，而是概要地讨论欺骗行为在金融危机中的主要作用。这种欺骗被称为“信誉透支”。

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