![乒乓球明星技术图解](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/405/686405/b_686405.jpg)
(二)刘国梁
1.技战术实力评估指数:38.5
(1)正手进攻技术能力指数:9.5
(2)反手进攻技术能力指数:9
(3)控制技术能力指数:10
(4)技术实战能力指数:10
2.技术运用特点:快速与计算
快速是指在技术使用上,沿袭了直拍正胶打法在技术上以快制胜的特点。计算是指在比赛中对对方各种击球的可能性进行判断,并快速做出相应的技术和战术的调整,把变化做在对方还没有完全意识到之前。
刘国梁技术上有明显的特点,发球和接发球技术非常突出。其战术主要是建立在发球抢攻和接发球控制技术细腻结合的基础上。通过前4板技术中积极控制和主动上手进攻的不断交替使用,突出了旋转、速度、落点的变化。刘国梁乒乓球技术的快速特征,是建立在对比赛对手技术使用可能性进行计算基础上的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0036_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-NH3BC9SYzluo2ikPoZzVvnt46OtH4lwF-0-611e8c8e9faf54c979f4c815bf6178f8)
3.主要技术的实战运用解析
(1)标准侧身位正手攻球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-odHXPqvrvdBDvK1Odrjs3xUoQV9jilCk-0-1ab89bcea90204331ec917a4ce5ec721)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-ZP8QqWevrIUyqSpY37LhvjHj6RzZD8l5-0-218d437e34f15f4ebf1226c99a454ce8)
1~2准备姿势中的让位充分,引拍幅度比较大,身体重心比较低。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-4xBCnjEhQGjFR3Wlme6QwLXQamPjOM3X-0-c9a2ad316879b93a9134b73fcdba9481)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-n7LCTfAdQFthdfoZMHyvlKpEOEuCILG4-0-081a35cf5c8ce9de6682910b3ffc0e28)
3~4挥拍击球时,摩擦球的成分比较多。注意对弧线的控制。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:进攻一切可以用正手攻的来球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:可打、可拉,具有一定杀伤力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:低重心,身体发力,注意摩擦球。
(2)侧身位正手发侧上、下旋技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-jBmNnmTNvHgIblumD8nMUGM2TXtVTKyJ-0-e255e2cbe9d6a63ca84b90485c1e1f51)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-Jg303IEWzpzvAgHdmViqKa9BMJHlepon-0-4bb08323c1b25738cd46520bfdc80284)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-WfiXehDNaXc0ozdqwSQ3B0DzPF5xA1P9-0-79e90b1bef4ff673730a55f50b63fda8)
侧上
1~3准备姿势和抛球引拍的特点是“展开”。即身体充分展开,以便身体和手臂的力量充分发挥出来。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-7hoj7MT203KwGUyrh1n1eI8E9r4PUtDl-0-bb2b2311719a1e095d205a2fc952ad6a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0005.jpg?sign=1739340140-jEBtoF6TfN53eVDcHCTU5nDNasUCOVX7-0-fd465c1114e3f530512b6034e88ce5e8)
4~5挥拍击球的特点是“快合”。即身体随手臂挥动,快速前转,发力点在胸腹前。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-33vvEQopII5XLhR1sCva9tMKCsVb3lXE-0-685c6949641bcbc32df77592569393fe)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-EcdbvH9G2Y8RHB9Fqc9TATu811sKXiyh-0-6dcde46c073d8fb0cb16713ed3926b3f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-otxxZ9nSmGIhDDBtowiVdQxzcVznkfZx-0-ff60bc3da2afe373b0275442ac54cc80)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-tiED6uUSaZ0svxUxjpe354X788WBBdDr-0-1c37b1ed5de632a821afbe8cdcf93784)
侧下
1~4准备姿势和抛球引拍动作与发侧上旋球完全一致。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-eQjz7biZibxwNooyCNstBeuDfICHXw1w-0-100d0c3b8f47c48c66a5eefd522c6d17)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-5B6VulNmZ81PBtLlN5ewHhWpQnRl6kp4-0-bfd43c1b580eb48ee6e6d83912b576b5)
5~6挥拍击球动作也与发侧上旋球一致,仅通过手腕的变化,来发出侧下旋球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:常用的发球技术。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:经常为进攻创造机会。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作相似性,出球快,手腕动作变化大,干扰性强。
(3)正手侧身位晃接技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-Uk6ZDASxNyqH5HI1WOCezbf2CprMCUKW-0-52696057b98a67b6e368dade3973d8f9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-sEFTCYcKHzTwtUShalgi7TSlmBSxMrUS-0-866fd580de1d76ef014803e769465565)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-dBpNR1Ap0RyhbheiowrwQp7SjdYLrAm3-0-ef1bb93756749de7b065f8e8147a9abe)
1~3侧身用正手做回摆短球时的技术动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-aGhswoE2ZKVgbW86SKMVax50BJ2Coii5-0-1f2edd6ec4454c1950b1005f05717b88)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0005.jpg?sign=1739340140-4lSIBRS2AtNSNNxLqYj6CENaDbcKfOIZ-0-0a8678e165a41a568a25b5fc9e063892)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0006.jpg?sign=1739340140-qS4sQzGRMQNrqLYcBQfZ2rFfJFe8yAwy-0-058068a5459d8611533e4b10db606751)
4~6在触球时的瞬间,改变球拍的拍面方向,由面向对方反手位变成面向正手位。并向侧下方搓,使球到对方的正手位。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接侧身位短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:与其他接短球的技术结合起来,干扰和控制对方的侧身进攻意图。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,触球时的转腕动作,侧搓球的中、下部。
(4)正手侧身位挑打技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-einwrmGwjFusQ8OW2Aw7ZHH0xZIxKWv6-0-b17481fdb032ed1ce42c1306243aa849)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-G7OsL0jjpgf92ZSgVTUTcB3JZ025ogHg-0-8cb34b0559cdd12572e097c204246fa1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-Q0h2DnMvwqwj2rxG3vPcGQ2aI5tOhiZs-0-3c859996e19e530067fb42fa45283197)
1~3技术动作与晃接时一样,做回摆短球的动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-F09N2Lh50smdMt6cJJVyZ0YaTUp5m9FL-0-cd34c2a0658935f46e92ac0149ddc780)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0005.jpg?sign=1739340140-uc8mFJHrnimF24xiabWd4We3u58m1zjU-0-31375d9868174658746f4d7ed1b0e517)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0006.jpg?sign=1739340140-fYgffxCUoGvuLNcPaNZw1MRFq3JK8UxD-0-1a63e7d01acc9bf7c49ffd4e23694a62)
4~6在触球的瞬间,球拍立起,击球的中部,用力要集中,向上方发力。整个动作要快速清晰。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:和其他接短球的技术结合起来,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,出手快,发力集中。
(5)直拍反拉上旋球技术
1肘关节前顶,以肘关节为轴,拇指压拍,手腕适当放松,拍面立起,球拍位置比较高,拉球的中部偏上。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-N5Pxks78JHt3SxxAuEeMskum4hizvgsR-0-9d6b929e5103bc5ae31d524853e93530)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-oNIK2PIJlPuE7v4ZbK6C4PFE3E8hJ6gw-0-a3dfba3abe7f6367f35acc0a6c261151)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-IE83vUtuyRcQOA2IifDPIpy1VN42e6jU-0-085fbe2958593004d0f5ebc07b1e3727)
2~3手腕向上发力,前臂向前方挥动。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:对推中转反拉或反拉对方的上旋球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:具有在相持中增加变化因素和进攻因素的作用,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:顶肘,压拍,适当放松。
(6)直拍反打上旋球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-ExJmlv3QZxuIeGm8E0BeN2PH8F7TMmjc-0-5fea6e9cee4b59f8ccad0d92c6454fbc)
1直拍横打的引拍位置和反拉上旋球一样,不同之处是:拍头不下沉,肘关节不前顶,而是要沉肩坠肘。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-9Xg4AXyi4jOLN1vUL1nCcDKXg7Nefmrh-0-2678a13f4707efffa2dd8bb57a8c5c7b)
2发力通过肘关节快速伸展和身体前迎来完成。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:出现机会球时。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:加强了反手进攻的能力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:沉肩坠肘,肘关节快速伸展。
(7)发球后正手抢攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-baQBSglNJMBwofgIlPMPJVWQMmOzfJsc-0-cbc09c0182b7dd0d4e19a938e464347f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-jgZbFCK6OeYuA6LDMco73FWRnX8QZdma-0-85de6cb8eac02df2d055a01b6e1a18eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-CefisZiCQjyXusUnRPes2A8ud5i91iZH-0-4e2c79868fe506c0df7819b8a7993962)
1~3用预先想好的策略发侧旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-lWhpzFUKq7o8AqRbbHS91t8HwLECCcGL-0-2b0e12d5968650603e131d9297346f79)
4发球后对预计的回球线路进行再判断。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-NI9nqrP270TCuBarqvtKUfllyjSaNZeM-0-80dd81ca863da91822a3a18d4373a503)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-6Uqjw7mjybgk6105OT1nmK0muu42IP0A-0-5081644002d66a0604242df5008eab74)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-fmsCnJIwVEWNBKE4A8b42DDpSV4QaHBe-0-a2b402fdd0ca0778227b741a2c3c1a69)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-6eEZJPnlbSRzmOmByjHSFqc8WYDYMZet-0-dbae2e69b406c70414cfe0b2456d9198)
5~8扑正手位抢攻时,注意还原。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:发球后给对方接正手位的机会。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方建立侧身位和正手位进攻能力都强的概念。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,使侧旋动作和侧下旋动作近似,用交叉步抢攻。
(8)发球正手侧身抢技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-k7YOpFhTx7pdQvaD5Lo0KEsbZ9j2o76v-0-1b2b375967bb9266c8233e1842d3c1fd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-IRHgg5nzq3dJgINK7jCUDGurkRITvstk-0-24fd8d2101b52a62b390eeaf4395791b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-mvZNKOJ7ATOKLbsewqrzcbrLKZL5Mm1Y-0-c7659193d980b24bc9b49b06378247c2)
1~3发下旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-8HbYnQHdJFUHKxfXISzQe4eTZhKeKbo0-0-9cda4d86797c1bf950c6e15b48d7c2c2)
4判断来球线路。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-gAmbTkn5PbMjy8szaGZN3QF5ZCNV1TuW-0-a95e6dad667a20aa3d0e9783dec31c03)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-1Ces32lFgQYaSuYJz4C7AepPtZ1EXySV-0-f7d9e1a4ade8243e105bd86d3b1355c7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-AUlWNy14Snsp4OhIOTAGgodnVD4mGCFO-0-e731bbe042747f96f082a3e70fbbf36c)
5~7用左脚的侧跨步进行快速侧身,同时引拍和拉球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:同前。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:同前。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,用跨步让位抢拉。
(9)正手位攻后转侧身攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-QQEMxCOJUcfZfe6WdS2Wd0CB3oaWhNwd-0-65e66581ec0edc6f8e5e85e47cd38a09)
1判断来球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-UuZpbEjAZ4hPpdwy2F1ka9VYc7ozeboC-0-3755055980d8971cae17ee4900de8bfd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-uPips9Yc2SlCC8nue4ZC9ZUqtedkhZYq-0-d50d85899d1a8e421a9ebefd220a19dc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-5MmzGH7fAaiLZDcAHsGUmrW3Q35NYoP5-0-7b561ba7abaec96a7c15361c82e4f593)
2~4用跨步到正手位进攻。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0001.jpg?sign=1739340140-sVgNNPIHjmwsHDJ67Wd948RnA4n3xxTH-0-a7955902526916a01c700d6620f7f1d4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0002.jpg?sign=1739340140-y1n7Ff2mnz2LBJWbtR8nYsCxXAiQgVpT-0-6f55b0bb508da828902ff4990bbb842d)
5~6还原并注意盯球,保持连续进攻的可能。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0003.jpg?sign=1739340140-fElfwmClnZv8hImddcbhlIDmNZ9Q8E7d-0-140dcc8de3cc4fbbf82f7d2ba1df285e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0004.jpg?sign=1739340140-7ZdNJPZvNCgVEVZzUnmY1nPMrGLI0XWV-0-7fc040e0b2938b701c90c94ece7dd6de)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0005.jpg?sign=1739340140-V4Y6j8Knbm559EsJrKeMeCxkghzRPfy7-0-52411d0938dacc0aefb0f0ef939ba82e)
7~9用并步让开位置,在侧身位继续实施进攻。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:在正手位进攻具有一定压力时,侧身进攻的机会就会出现。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方以连续的打击。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:进攻要有落点控制,身体保持合理的移动。